准确的实时流量预测对于智能运输系统（ITS）至关重要，它是各种智能移动应用程序的基石。尽管该研究领域以深度学习为主，但最近的研究表明，开发新模型结构的准确性提高正变得边缘。取而代之的是，我们设想可以通过在具有不同数据分布和网络拓扑的城市之间转移“与预测相关的知识”来实现改进。为此，本文旨在提出一个新型的可转移流量预测框架：域对抗空间 - 颞网（DASTNET）。 Dastnet已在多个源网络上进行了预训练，并通过目标网络的流量数据进行了微调。具体而言，我们利用图表表示学习和对抗域的适应技术来学习域不变的节点嵌入，这些嵌入式嵌入将进一步合并以建模时间流量数据。据我们所知，我们是第一个使用对抗性多域改编来解决网络范围的流量预测问题的人。 Dastnet始终优于三个基准数据集上的所有最新基线方法。训练有素的dastnet应用于香港的新交通探测器，并且在可用的探测器可用时（一天之内）可以立即（在一天之内）提供准确的交通预测。总体而言，这项研究提出了一种增强交通预测方法的替代方法，并为缺乏历史流量数据的城市提供了实际含义。

现有的数据驱动和反馈流量控制策略不考虑实时数据测量的异质性。此外，对于缺乏数据效率，传统的加固学习方法（RL）方法通常会缓慢收敛。此外，常规的最佳外围控制方案需要对系统动力学的精确了解，因此对内源性不确定性会很脆弱。为了应对这些挑战，这项工作提出了一种基于不可或缺的增强学习（IRL）的方法来学习宏观交通动态，以进行自适应最佳周边控制。这项工作为运输文献做出了以下主要贡献：（a）开发连续的时间控制，并具有离散增益更新以适应离散时间传感器数据。 （b）为了降低采样复杂性并更有效地使用可用数据，将体验重播（ER）技术引入IRL算法。 （c）所提出的方法以“无模型”方式放松模型校准的要求，该方式可以稳健地进行建模不确定性，并通过数据驱动的RL算法增强实时性能。 （d）通过Lyapunov理论证明了基于IRL的算法和受控交通动力学的稳定性的收敛性。最佳控制定律被参数化，然后通过神经网络（NN）近似，从而缓解计算复杂性。在不需要模型线性化的同时，考虑了状态和输入约束。提出了数值示例和仿真实验，以验证所提出方法的有效性和效率。

制定了具有机器学习模拟（骆驼）项目的宇宙学和天体物理学，通过数千名宇宙的流体动力模拟和机器学习将宇宙学与天体物理学结合起来。骆驼包含4,233个宇宙学仿真，2,049个n-body和2,184个最先进的流体动力模拟，在参数空间中采样巨大的体积。在本文中，我们介绍了骆驼公共数据发布，描述了骆驼模拟的特性和由它们产生的各种数据产品，包括光环，次麦，银河系和空隙目录，功率谱，Bispectra，Lyman - $ \ Alpha $光谱，概率分布函数，光环径向轮廓和X射线光子列表。我们还释放了超过骆驼 - 山姆的数十亿个星系的目录：与Santa Cruz半分析模型相结合的大量N身体模拟。我们释放包含350多个Terabytes的所有数据，并包含143,922个快照，数百万光环，星系和摘要统计数据。我们提供有关如何访问，下载，读取和处理数据AT \ URL {https://camels.readthedocs.io}的进一步技术详细信息。

数据增强是自然语言处理（NLP）模型的鲁棒性评估的重要组成部分，以及增强他们培训的数据的多样性。在本文中，我们呈现NL-Cogmenter，这是一种新的参与式Python的自然语言增强框架，它支持创建两个转换（对数据的修改）和过滤器（根据特定功能的数据拆分）。我们描述了框架和初始的117个变换和23个过滤器，用于各种自然语言任务。我们通过使用其几个转换来分析流行自然语言模型的鲁棒性来证明NL-Upmenter的功效。基础架构，Datacards和稳健性分析结果在NL-Augmenter存储库上公开可用（\ url {https://github.com/gem-benchmark/nl-augmenter}）。

Aligning users across networks using graph representation learning has been found effective where the alignment is accomplished in a low-dimensional embedding space. Yet, achieving highly precise alignment is still challenging, especially when nodes with long-range connectivity to the labeled anchors are encountered. To alleviate this limitation, we purposefully designed WL-Align which adopts a regularized representation learning framework to learn distinctive node representations. It extends the Weisfeiler-Lehman Isormorphism Test and learns the alignment in alternating phases of "across-network Weisfeiler-Lehman relabeling" and "proximity-preserving representation learning". The across-network Weisfeiler-Lehman relabeling is achieved through iterating the anchor-based label propagation and a similarity-based hashing to exploit the known anchors' connectivity to different nodes in an efficient and robust manner. The representation learning module preserves the second-order proximity within individual networks and is regularized by the across-network Weisfeiler-Lehman hash labels. Extensive experiments on real-world and synthetic datasets have demonstrated that our proposed WL-Align outperforms the state-of-the-art methods, achieving significant performance improvements in the "exact matching" scenario. Data and code of WL-Align are available at https://github.com/ChenPengGang/WLAlignCode.

Objective: Imbalances of the electrolyte concentration levels in the body can lead to catastrophic consequences, but accurate and accessible measurements could improve patient outcomes. While blood tests provide accurate measurements, they are invasive and the laboratory analysis can be slow or inaccessible. In contrast, an electrocardiogram (ECG) is a widely adopted tool which is quick and simple to acquire. However, the problem of estimating continuous electrolyte concentrations directly from ECGs is not well-studied. We therefore investigate if regression methods can be used for accurate ECG-based prediction of electrolyte concentrations. Methods: We explore the use of deep neural networks (DNNs) for this task. We analyze the regression performance across four electrolytes, utilizing a novel dataset containing over 290000 ECGs. For improved understanding, we also study the full spectrum from continuous predictions to binary classification of extreme concentration levels. To enhance clinical usefulness, we finally extend to a probabilistic regression approach and evaluate different uncertainty estimates. Results: We find that the performance varies significantly between different electrolytes, which is clinically justified in the interplay of electrolytes and their manifestation in the ECG. We also compare the regression accuracy with that of traditional machine learning models, demonstrating superior performance of DNNs. Conclusion: Discretization can lead to good classification performance, but does not help solve the original problem of predicting continuous concentration levels. While probabilistic regression demonstrates potential practical usefulness, the uncertainty estimates are not particularly well-calibrated. Significance: Our study is a first step towards accurate and reliable ECG-based prediction of electrolyte concentration levels.

Contrastive learning has been successfully used for retrieval of semantically aligned sentences, but it often requires large batch sizes or careful engineering to work well. In this paper, we instead propose a generative model for learning multilingual text embeddings which can be used to retrieve or score sentence pairs. Our model operates on parallel data in $N$ languages and, through an approximation we introduce, efficiently encourages source separation in this multilingual setting, separating semantic information that is shared between translations from stylistic or language-specific variation. We show careful large-scale comparisons between contrastive and generation-based approaches for learning multilingual text embeddings, a comparison that has not been done to the best of our knowledge despite the popularity of these approaches. We evaluate this method on a suite of tasks including semantic similarity, bitext mining, and cross-lingual question retrieval -- the last of which we introduce in this paper. Overall, our Variational Multilingual Source-Separation Transformer (VMSST) model outperforms both a strong contrastive and generative baseline on these tasks.

Robots have been steadily increasing their presence in our daily lives, where they can work along with humans to provide assistance in various tasks on industry floors, in offices, and in homes. Automated assembly is one of the key applications of robots, and the next generation assembly systems could become much more efficient by creating collaborative human-robot systems. However, although collaborative robots have been around for decades, their application in truly collaborative systems has been limited. This is because a truly collaborative human-robot system needs to adjust its operation with respect to the uncertainty and imprecision in human actions, ensure safety during interaction, etc. In this paper, we present a system for human-robot collaborative assembly using learning from demonstration and pose estimation, so that the robot can adapt to the uncertainty caused by the operation of humans. Learning from demonstration is used to generate motion trajectories for the robot based on the pose estimate of different goal locations from a deep learning-based vision system. The proposed system is demonstrated using a physical 6 DoF manipulator in a collaborative human-robot assembly scenario. We show successful generalization of the system's operation to changes in the initial and final goal locations through various experiments.

Skull Stripping is a requisite preliminary step in most diagnostic neuroimaging applications. Manual Skull Stripping methods define the gold standard for the domain but are time-consuming and challenging to integrate into pro-cessing pipelines with a high number of data samples. Automated methods are an active area of research for head MRI segmentation, especially deep learning methods such as U-Net architecture implementations. This study compares Vanilla, Residual, and Dense 2D U-Net architectures for Skull Stripping. The Dense 2D U-Net architecture outperforms the Vanilla and Residual counterparts by achieving an accuracy of 99.75% on a test dataset. It is observed that dense interconnections in a U-Net encourage feature reuse across layers of the architecture and allow for shallower models with the strengths of a deeper network.

Predictive simulations of the shock-to-detonation transition (SDT) in heterogeneous energetic materials (EM) are vital to the design and control of their energy release and sensitivity. Due to the complexity of the thermo-mechanics of EM during the SDT, both macro-scale response and sub-grid mesoscale energy localization must be captured accurately. This work proposes an efficient and accurate multiscale framework for SDT simulations of EM. We employ deep learning to model the mesoscale energy localization of shock-initiated EM microstructures upon which prediction results are used to supply reaction progress rate information to the macroscale SDT simulation. The proposed multiscale modeling framework is divided into two stages. First, a physics-aware recurrent convolutional neural network (PARC) is used to model the mesoscale energy localization of shock-initiated heterogeneous EM microstructures. PARC is trained using direct numerical simulations (DNS) of hotspot ignition and growth within microstructures of pressed HMX material subjected to different input shock strengths. After training, PARC is employed to supply hotspot ignition and growth rates for macroscale SDT simulations. We show that PARC can play the role of a surrogate model in a multiscale simulation framework, while drastically reducing the computation cost and providing improved representations of the sub-grid physics. The proposed multiscale modeling approach will provide a new tool for material scientists in designing high-performance and safer energetic materials.